What to Expect with GLP-1 Medications

GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor agonists are a class of medications originally developed to help manage type 2 diabetes. In recent years, they've gained widespread use for weight loss due to their impact on appetite, digestion, and glucose regulation. If you're considering starting a GLP-1 medication—or returning to one after a break—this guide will help you understand what to expect.

• Stimulates insulin release in response to food
• Reduces the amount of glucagon (a hormone that raises blood sugar)
• Slows gastric emptying, which helps with satiety
• Acts on the brain to decrease appetite

Together, these effects can help regulate blood sugar, reduce calorie intake, and promote gradual weight loss.

• Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy)
• Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)

Primarily for Diabetes:

• Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
• Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon)
• Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) – though increasingly used for weight loss off-label

 

3. Potential Benefits Patients often report the following outcomes:

• Improved Blood Sugar Control – A1C reduction and better glucose regulation
• Appetite Suppression – Feeling full sooner and less frequent hunger
• Weight Loss – Can be gradual or more significant depending on individual response
• Cardiovascular Protection – Some GLP-1s have demonstrated heart-protective benefits in clinical trials

• Nausea – This is the most common side effect and typically improves over time
• Vomiting or Diarrhea – Related to slowed digestion and adjustment period
• Constipation – Another effect of delayed gastric emptying
• Fatigue or Lightheadedness – Usually temporary as your body adjusts

• The first few weeks may come with digestive discomfort as your body adjusts.
• You may notice a reduced interest in food or feeling full after smaller meals.
• Hydration is key—drink plenty of fluids.
• It's important to eat slowly and avoid overeating to reduce nausea.
• Prioritize protein. As your appetite decreases, it's especially important to ensure you're still getting enough protein to support muscle mass, metabolism, and overall health while on a GLP-1 medication.

• Medication Timing: Most GLP-1s are injectable and administered weekly or daily, depending on the brand. Follow your provider's instructions closely.
• Storage: These medications often require refrigeration. Make sure to store them properly.
• Lifestyle Still Matters: GLP-1s work best in combination with dietary improvements and physical activity.
• Not for Everyone: People with a history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) should not take GLP-1 medications.

• If nausea becomes severe or doesn’t improve after a few weeks
• If you experience persistent vomiting or signs of dehydration
• If you have unexplained abdominal pain (especially in the upper abdomen)
• If you are unsure about how to administer the medication or miss a dose

• Keep a symptom journal to track how you're feeling and what you're eating.
• Don’t be discouraged by slow progress—everyone responds differently.

 

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your provider before starting or changing medications.